Feline resorptive lesions (FRLs) are among adult cats’ most common and painful dental conditions. Despite this condition’s prevalence, many cat owners remain unaware of FRLs until their furry friend is in significant discomfort. Understanding the causes, signs, and treatment options for FRLs can help you maintain your cat’s dental health and overall well-being. Our Cupertino Animal Hospital team offers the following FRL overview. 

What are feline resorptive lesions?

FRLs, also known as tooth resorption, occur when a cat’s tooth structure begins to break down and is reabsorbed into the gum tissue. This process can affect any tooth but most commonly impacts the premolars and molars. As the tooth deteriorates, it can cause significant pain and discomfort for the affected cat.

What causes resorptive lesions in cats?

FRLs’ exact cause remains unknown, but several factors may contribute to their development, including:

  • Genetics — Certain breeds, such as Siamese, Persian, Abyssinian, and other pedigreed cats, are prone to developing FRLs, suggesting a genetic predisposition.
  • Diet — High dietary carbohydrates and poor dental hygiene may increase a cat’s FRLs risk.
  • Inflammation — Chronic oral inflammation, often stemming from periodontal disease, may trigger resorption.

What are feline resorptive lesion signs?

FRLs can be challenging to detect early, as cats are adept at hiding discomfort and pain. However, as the condition progresses, your cat may exhibit the following signs:

  • Difficulty eating — Cats with FRLs may be reluctant to eat hard food or only chew on one side of their mouth.
  • Drooling — Excessive drooling is an oral pain sign.
  • Bad breath — Foul-smelling breath—halitosis—is often caused by dental issues, including FRLs.
  • Gum redness and swelling — Inflammation around the affected tooth is common with FRLs.
  • Behavioral changes — Many cats who experience pain may have sudden or marked behavior changes, such as irritability, withdrawal, or inadequate grooming.

Diagnosing feline resorptive lesions

Diagnosing FRLs involves several steps, including:

  • Oral exam — Our veterinarian performs a thorough oral exam during a veterinary visit. Lesions may be visible as defects or holes at the gumline.
  • Dental probing — Our veterinarian will probe your cat’s teeth under anesthesia to help detect defects that are not immediately visible.
  • Dental X-rays — X-rays are crucial for diagnosing FRLs as they reveal the extent of the lesions below the gumline, which is not visible during a standard exam. X-rays help our team identify early lesions and plan appropriate treatment.

Treatment options for feline resorptive lesions

While no cure exists for FRLs, they can be treated and managed by our veterinary team. Treatment options include:

  • Extraction — The most common and effective treatment for FRLs is the extraction of the affected tooth. This procedure alleviates pain and prevents the disease from progressing.
  • Restoration — In some cases, restorative treatments, such as fillings, may be an option, but these are generally less successful in the long term than extraction.
  • Pain management — Postoperative pain management and ongoing dental exams are needed for your cat’s recovery and comfort.

Preventing resorptive lesions in cats

While preventing FRLs is not entirely possible, especially if an underlying genetic factor exists, you can take steps to reduce your cat’s risk, including:

  • Annual dental exams — Routine veterinary dental exams, including X-rays and professional cleanings under anesthesia, can help detect issues early and improve your furry friend’s overall dental health.
  • Dental hygiene — Brushing your cat’s teeth daily and providing dental treats or toys can help maintain their oral health.
  • Balanced diet — Feeding your cat a high-quality, balanced diet can help support their dental health and bolster their immunity against disease and infection.
  • Monitoring and early observation — Periodically check your cat’s mouth for dental issues such as red or bleeding gums, bad breath, or visible lesions. Changes in your cat’s eating behavior, such as favoring one side of the mouth or dropping food, can indicate dental pain and should prompt a veterinary visit.

FRLs are a painful and progressive dental condition that requires prompt attention and treatment. Annual veterinary visits and proper oral care are the best defenses against this distressing condition. By staying vigilant and maintaining your furry friend’s oral health, you can help them stay happy and pain-free. If you suspect your cat suffers from FRLs, contact our Cupertino Animal Hospital team for diagnosis and treatment.