Different dog and cat breeds have distinct genetic predispositions to certain health issues, from skin disorders and respiratory problems, to orthopedic issues and more. Recognizing these breed-specific health concerns is key to proactive management and ensuring your pet’s lifelong well-being. Whether your pet is a combination of two popular breeds or claims a pure pedigree, be aware of potential problems that may arise because they belong to a specific family tree.

Common breed-related pet health conditions

Learning which health conditions can affect your chosen breed of pet is the best way to prepare for future issues. Here are some of the most common breed-related concerns in pets:

Hip dysplasia in large breeds 

Large- and giant-breed dogs, such as German shepherds, Labrador retrievers, and Great Danes, are prone to hip dysplasia, a condition where the hip joint doesn’t develop properly, which leads to pain, lameness, and arthritis. Regular exercise, maintaining a healthy weight, and joint supplements can help manage this condition. In severe cases, surgery may be necessary to form a non-painful joint.

Brachycephalic obstructive airway syndrome in flat-faced breeds

Breeds with flat faces and short noses, such as bulldogs, pugs, and Persian cats, are susceptible to brachycephalic obstructive airway syndrome (BOAS), an issue characterized by respiratory difficulties caused by narrowed airways. Affected pets must avoid strenuous exercise in hot weather, wear harnesses instead of collars, and maintain a healthy weight to alleviate their problems. Corrective surgery is often required to improve these pets’ quality of life.

Luxating patella in small-breed dogs

Small breeds like Chihuahuas, Pomeranians, and Yorkshire terriers are prone to luxating patella, where the kneecap dislocates or moves out of its normal position. Weight management and low-impact exercise can help prevent exacerbating the problem, but surgical correction is necessary in severe cases.

Heart disease in various pet breeds

Heart diseases such as mitral valve disease and dilated cardiomyopathy are common in dogs and cats. Mitral valve disease in dogs can lead to heart failure if left untreated, while dilated cardiomyopathy can affect cats and dogs. Dog breeds most at risk for heart disease include Cavalier King Charles spaniels, Dobermans, boxers, Irish wolfhounds, and Great Danes. Cat breeds at high heart disease risk include Maine coons, ragdolls, British shorthairs, Sphynx cats, and Persians.

Skin allergies in various dog breeds

Many dog breeds are prone to skin allergies and dermatitis, often triggered by environmental allergens, food sensitivities, genetic predisposition, and anatomical features. Pit bulls, bulldogs, retrievers, and German shepherds are known to suffer most from skin allergies, as well as dogs with dilute coat colors or abnormal markings, such as blue Dobermans. Identifying and avoiding allergens, regular grooming to remove potential irritants, and dietary modifications may help alleviate symptoms.

Ear disease in floppy-eared dog breeds

Ear disease is prevalent among floppy-eared dog breeds, such as cocker spaniels, basset hounds, and bloodhounds, because of their ears’ unique anatomy. These breeds’ characteristic long, droopy ears provide a warm, moist environment ideal for yeast and bacteria, which can lead to inflammation and infections. Breeds notorious for excessive hair in their ears, such as poodles and any “doodle” mix, also are at increased risk for ear issues. 

Cavalier King Charles spaniels also commonly develop primary secretory otitis media (PSOM), which is characterized by mucus accumulation in the middle ear that may cause a bulging tympanic membrane and hearing loss.

Ear problems can be further exacerbated without regular cleaning, which allows debris, wax, and moisture to accumulate, so pet owners of floppy-eared breeds must be vigilant about maintaining good ear hygiene.

Owners of purebred pets must stay informed and be proactive about their pet’s common breed-related health conditions to help ensure their four-legged friends enjoy long, happy, and healthy lives. Whether the pet is predisposed to ear problems, orthopedic issues, respiratory difficulties, or skin allergies, early detection, diligent management, and compassionate care are key. 

With you, our Cupertino Animal Hospital team can navigate the complexities of breed-specific health concerns and ensure your pet receives the specific care they need. Give us a call to schedule an appointment to discuss your purebred pet’s special challenges.