Ear infections are common among dogs, often causing significant discomfort and leading to severe health problems if not diagnosed and treated promptly. Certain breeds are more susceptible to these infections because of their anatomical features and genetic predispositions. 

Understanding which breeds have a high risk of developing ear infections can help you take preventive measures to keep your dogs healthy. Our Cupertino Animal Hospital team discusses the dog breeds and types that are particularly prone to ear infections and the reasons behind their increased risk.

1: Spaniels

Cavalier King Charles spaniels are known for their affectionate nature and beautiful, flowing ears, but they are also prone to primary secretory otitis media (PSOM). PSOM, often referred to as glue ear, involves a mucus buildup in the middle ear, which causes pressure and pain, and leads to frequent ear infections. While other breeds can develop PSOM, Cavaliers are almost exclusively affected. PSOM signs in Cavaliers include:

  • Scratching at the ears
  • Head tilting
  • Ataxia
  • Drooping ear or lip
  • Inability to blink an eye
  • Rapid eyeball movement
  • Facial paralysis
  • Excessive yawning
  • Pain when opening the mouth
  • Partial hearing loss

Other spaniel breeds, such as cocker spaniels and springer spaniels, also have long, floppy ears that create a warm, moist environment perfect for bacteria and yeast growth. Regular ear cleaning and drying after swimming or bathing are crucial for maintaining ear health in all spaniels.

2: Brachycephalic breeds

Brachycephalic breeds, such as English and French bulldogs, pugs, and shih tzus, have a unique anatomical structure characterized by a shortened skull. This structure can cause a severe constrictive anomaly in the ear canal that predisposes these dogs to frequent ear problems. The constricted ear canal results in poor ventilation and drainage, making them susceptible to infections. To prevent chronic infections, regular ear cleaning and monitoring are a must. In a severe case, surgical intervention might be necessary to improve ear canal function.

3: Retrievers

Retrievers, including Labrador retrievers and golden retrievers, are prone to ear infections primarily because of their love for water activities. Constant moisture exposure paired with floppy ear pinnae can create the ideal infection environment. Keeping retrievers’ ears dry is key to preventing ear infections in these breeds.

4: Hounds

Hound breeds, such as basset hounds and bloodhounds, have long, droopy ears that can trap moisture and debris. Lack of air circulation combined with dirt and wax accumulation in the ears can lead to frequent infections. Hound owners should be vigilant about cleaning their dog’s ears and monitoring for infection signs. Routine cleaning and drying are essential for preventing ear infections in these breeds.

5: Poodles

Poodles and their mixes, often referred to as some form of doodle, are prone to ear infections because they have hair that grows inside their ear canals. This hair can trap moisture and debris, leading to infections. Regular grooming and ear cleaning to remove excess hair and prevent debris buildup are essential for maintaining ear health in poodles and poodle mixes.

6: Shar-peis

Shar-peis have narrow ear canals, which can lead to poor air circulation and moisture buildup, creating a breeding ground for infections. Routine ear cleaning and inspections are necessary to prevent ear infections in Shar-peis. Their distinctive skin folds can also harbor bacteria, so you must keep their entire head clean and dry.

7: Breeds with hairy ears

Certain breeds, such as schnauzers of all sizes and some terrier breeds, have a substantial amount of hair inside their ears, which can trap moisture and debris. Excessively hairy ears and the issues they cause make them susceptible to infections. Regular grooming and ear cleaning to remove excess hair and prevent debris buildup are essential for maintaining ear health in these breeds.

Understanding which breeds are prone to ear infections allows pet owners to proactively manage their dogs’ ear health. Regular ear cleaning, monitoring for issues, and maintaining overall ear hygiene can help prevent infections and ensure your dog’s ears stay healthy. If your dog exhibits any ear infection signs, contact our Cupertino Animal Hospital team promptly for appropriate treatment.